Category: Economy
Gabon Natural Resources: Oil, Manganese and Rainforest
Gabon’s natural resources are concentrated in oil, gas and a rainforest that covers 91.2% of the territory. What are Gabon’s most important natural resources? The country produced 204,000 barrels of oil a day in 2023 and generated 910 GWh of hydroelectric power in 2024, and it has 5,236 species of vascular plants. Gabon is an…
Azerbaijan Natural Resources: Caspian Oil, Gas and Mud Volcanoes
Azerbaijan’s natural resources center on oil and natural gas, which make it a key energy exporter. What are Azerbaijan’s most notable natural resources? The country produced 710,758 barrels of oil per day in 2021 and 50.3 billion cubic meters of gas in 2024, and it has 7 billion barrels of reserves and 77.7 km³ of…
Panama Natural Resources: Canal Water, Rainforests and Copper
Panama’s natural resources stand out for their water, forests and biodiversity, with 148 km³ of renewable freshwater resources and annual rainfall of 2,928 mm, the fourth highest in the world. Forests cover 56.81% of its territory, and the country is home to more than 10,000 plant and animal species. What are Panama’s natural resources? Panama…
Turkey Natural Resources: Boron, Coal and Hazelnuts
Turkey’s natural resources include minerals such as iron and copper, fertile land and forests covering more than 25% of its territory. What are Turkey’s natural resources? Coal stands out, with 70.8 million tonnes in 2020 (11th in the world), along with iron production of 6,700 thousand tonnes. Turkey is a country located where Europe and…
Ethiopia Natural Resources: Hydropower, Blue Nile Water and Coffee
Ethiopia’s natural resources span water, forests, biodiversity and hydropower. Which of Ethiopia’s natural resources carry the most weight? In 2025 the country generated 32.2 TWh of hydroelectric power (Ember, 2025), led by the GERD dam on the Blue Nile, the largest in Africa, and it has 6,700 species of vascular plants, including coffee. Ethiopia, in…
Belgium Natural Resources: Coal, Limestone and Ardennes Forests
Belgium’s natural resources include fertile soils, coal, limestone, clay and sand, as well as its forests. How does Belgium produce energy? In 2025 it generated 29.3 TWh of renewable electricity, 44% of its total generation (Ember, 2025), while forests cover 22.76% of the territory, about 6,893 km². Belgium, a country in northwestern Europe, has a…
Armenia Natural Resources: Copper, Molybdenum and Lake Sevan
Armenia, in the South Caucasus, has natural resources that include forests, water and minerals such as copper, gold, molybdenum and zinc. How much water does Armenia have? Its renewable freshwater resources amount to 7.77 km³, ranking 127th in the world, and in 2025 it generated 2.6 TWh of renewable electricity (Ember, 2025), supported by Lake…
Guatemala Natural Resources: Forests, Nickel and Hydropower
Guatemala’s natural resources include extensive tropical forests, 127.9 km³ of freshwater, metallic minerals (nickel, gold, silver), and agricultural soils that lead world cardamom production (52.2% of global exports). Forests cover 32.92% of its territory, anchored by the 2.09-million-hectare Maya Biosphere Reserve, while low-carbon sources generated 68% of the country’s electricity in 2024 (Ember). What are…
El Salvador Natural Resources: Geothermal Energy and Forests
El Salvador’s natural resources are characterized by fertile volcanic soils, 26.27 km³ of freshwater, and world-class geothermal energy reservoirs that provide 23% of national electricity. The country maintains an average annual precipitation of 1,784 mm, producing 5,253 GWh of renewable power (IRENA, 2023) while forest cover occupies roughly 27.53% of its land area. What are…
Bolivia Natural Resources: Lithium, Silver and Natural Gas
Bolivia’s natural resources encompass world-class mineral deposits—including the planet’s largest lithium reserve in the Salar de Uyuni (>20 million tonnes) and top-ten global silver output (1,190 tonnes)—alongside extensive natural gas fields, 303.5 km³ of freshwater, and extraordinary biodiversity spanning over 17,000 documented species. How are Bolivia’s mineral, energy, and forest resources distributed? Bolivia is a…
